Evan Cortland

FSH can help in early or unclear menopause, but one result rarely settles the question. Symptoms, cycle changes, age, and context still matter most.

SHBG is one of those hormone markers that looks more decisive than it is. It can sharpen the meaning of a testosterone result, especially in midlife, but it cannot diagnose low testosterone, polycystic ovary syndrome, or metabolic disease by itself. The useful question is not whether the number is good. It is what the number … Read more

Testosterone therapy has become a midlife shorthand for energy, muscle, sex drive, and masculine decline. The biology is more specific. Testosterone matters for the brain, blood, bone, muscle, and sexual function, but treatment is meant for men with symptoms plus repeatedly low levels, not for every man who feels older than he used to. Testosterone … Read more

Menopause brain fog is easy to minimise until it happens to you. A name vanishes mid-sentence. A familiar task takes longer. The brain feels less quick, less orderly, and less dependable. The evidence says this is real, but it also says something important: for most women, it is not the same thing as dementia. Why … Read more

Biotin can distort some thyroid blood tests, especially at high supplement doses. Here is what to tell your clinician before interpreting results.

DHEA is sold as a way to restore youth, energy, libido, and hormonal balance after menopause. The biology is more modest. DHEA is a hormone precursor, not a missing nutrient, and the evidence splits sharply between over-the-counter oral supplements and prescription vaginal treatment for genitourinary symptoms. What DHEA is, and why menopause changes the conversation … Read more

DHEA falls with age and can shift sex-hormone levels, but evidence for ageing, cognition, libido, and energy claims remains limited; safety matters.

Perimenopause can disrupt sleep, mood, and cycles years before the final period, but symptoms vary widely and testing has limits. Context matters.

Progesterone after 40 affects sleep, brain function, and metabolism, but the evidence base for those non-reproductive effects still has surprising gaps.

Hot flushes and night sweats can disrupt midlife sleep and work, but treatment choices depend on symptom burden, risks, and clinical context.