Dr. Soren Hale

ApoB, LDL-C and non-HDL are not interchangeable. In metabolic states they can diverge, so prevention should match whole-person risk, not one marker.

A single kidney result can mislead; what matters is how eGFR and urine albumin behave over repeated, clinically grounded measurements, not a one-off snapshot.

Cystatin C can make a kidney-function estimate clearer when creatinine is hard to interpret, but it is not a stand-alone measure of longevity.

IGF-1 can help clinicians investigate growth-hormone disorders, but it is not a stand-alone score for ageing, cancer risk, or personal longevity.

DXA scans can clarify bone-density risk, but body-composition reports still need cautious interpretation, repeatable methods, and clinical context.

Coronary artery calcium scoring can sharpen heart-risk estimates, but a single number cannot tell you whether plaque is blocking flow or what to do next.

HbA1c is a useful average of recent glucose exposure, but anaemia, kidney disease, and glucose swings can make the number less complete in practice.

Faecal calprotectin can flag gut inflammation and help separate IBD from IBS, but the number needs symptoms, context, and follow-up before guiding care.

APOE testing can clarify inherited Alzheimer’s risk and treatment safety, but it cannot predict disease and needs careful genetic counselling.

Uric acid can flag gout and kidney-stone risk, but evidence does not support treating a silent high result as a stand-alone longevity target today.